Glucagon, preferably ready-to-use, should be used to treat severe hypoglycemia. It quickly raises blood glucose levels by causing the liver to release the glucose it stores into your bloodstream.
There are three formulations of glucagon:
Glucagon Nasal Spray
Powder glucagon uses a device similar in size to a typical nasal spray to drive powdered glucagon into your nose, where it’s absorbed into the bloodstream.
This is a fast, one-step process. Because it’s needle-free, it may be less scary for caregivers and easier to deliver correctly. Like current treatments, nasal glucagon can be given to an unconscious person. If given to an unconscious person, turn them on their side to avoid possibly choking on vomit.
Pre-Mixed, Shelf-Stable Glucagon Pen
The pre-mixed device works similarly to EpiPens and other injectable pens medications. The device contains a stable form of glucagon that’s ready to immediately be injected without mixing.
To inject glucagon, remove the cap and choose an injection site. The upper arm, thigh, or stomach are ideal locations to inject glucagon. Clean the area with an alcohol swap and insert the needle at 90 degrees (straight down, perpendicular to the skin). Inject the glucagon and roll the unconscious person on their side to avoid possibly choking on vomit.
Mixed Glucagon
This type of glucagon comes with a powder and a liquid to dilute it. It needs to be mixed right before being administered.
A caregiver needs to:
- Remove the seal from the vial of powder and the needle cover from the syringe.
- Insert the needle into the vial and push the plunger to empty the saline into the powder.
- Gently roll or swirl the vial to dissolve the powder into the liquid until it is clear.
- Draw the solution back into the syringe.
- Inject into the outer mid-thigh or arm muscle of the person with severe hypoglycemia.
- Turn the person on his or her side in case of vomiting, a common side effect.
But remember, these are general rules, and you should always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for how to safely administer their glucagon. If you have further questions, be sure to contact your doctor.
